When Joseph’s brothers arrive in Egypt, Joseph discusses with Pharaoh where they should live. To anchor the Joseph story in historical fact, we must assume that he was active during this period, around 1200 BCE, during the great famine crisis. The first thing to know is that a great famine-like that mentioned in the Joseph story-occurred around 1200 BCE, give or take 25 years. The covenant between God and Abraham in Genesis 15:13 includes the prophecy: “And they will enslave them and torture them for four hundred years.” When the story of the exodus is told in Exodus 12:40, however, a different timeline is described: “And the Israelites dwelt in Egypt four hundred and thirty years.” How do we reconcile this numerical conundrum? Was the Exodus an historical event? If it was, when did it happen?įirst, we must consider which historical details in the Joseph and exodus stories, respectively, may be corroborated with events recorded in Egyptian inscriptions and archaeological findings.
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